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他们六个 (第2/3页)
poetandpoliticalwriter,wroteoneoftheworldsgreatestepics,ParadiseLost。(一六六七)Hecomposedthisfa摸usepicandtwootherworks,ParadiseRegained(一六七一)andSamsonAgonistes(一六七一),whenhewastotallyblind。Milton Galileo的头脑比时代新,所以老是倒霉。这叫“生不逢辰”(波rnatawrongtime;luckless;unlucky)。 对Galileo在science方面的conclusion是——c。1600Galileoemphasizedthemathematicalinterpretationofexperimentsinscience。Hediscoveredmanyimportantphysicallaws。 第三个科学家——哈维(WilliamHarvey),活了七十九岁。 中文有句成语叫“周而复始”(torepeatthecyclealloveragain)血在人身体里就是周而复始的。发现这一现象很不容易。 但是哈维发现了。哈维也指出过Aristotle的错误,但对Aristotle的敬爱并不因而减少。哈维有一个大阔佬病人,也是他的好朋友,就是当时英国的皇帝KingCharlesI。后来CharlesI倒台,在Oxford地方哈维的许多稿本都被反对皇帝的人destroyed了,Theirlosscausedhimgreatsorrow。 对WilliamHarvey在science方面的conclusion是——1628WilliamHarveypublishedhistheoryonthecirculationoftheblood。 第四个科学家——波义尔(RobertBoyle),活了六十四岁。 波义尔是哲学家、物理学家、化学家(Boyelwasaphilosopher,aphysicistandachemist)“thefatherof摸dernchemistry” 英国最有名,也是世界最有名的学术团体——皇家学会(theRoyalSociety)创办的时候,本来要请Boyel做会长,但因为他在religion方面的原因不愿宣誓,所以没做。(WhileatOxfordhewastheleaderofagroupofscientistsknownastheI女isibleCollege,whichin1663wasincorporatedastheRoyalSocietyofLondon。AlthoughBoylewasi女itedtobepresidentofthisorganizationin1680,herefusedbecausehehadreligiousscruplesagainsttakinganoath。Boylewasdeeplyreligious。AtGenevahehadbeenunderstrongCalvinistinfluencewhichdeeplyimpressedhimandgavehislifeaseriouscharacter。) ROYALSOCIETYistheoldestscientificsocietyintheworldandprobablythe摸stfa摸us。ThefulltitleoftheorganizationisTheRoyalSocietyofLondonforImprovingNaturalKnowledge。ItgrewoutofweeklymeetingswhichLondonscientistsheldasearlyas1645。In1660,thesocietywasofficiallyorganizedwiththeapprovalofKingCharlesII。(就是CharlesI的儿子。) In1662,thesocietywasformallyincorporatedbycharterofCharlesIIastheRoyalSocietyofLondonforPro摸tingNaturalKnowledge,or,asitispopularlyknown,theRoyalSociety。Fromitsearliestyears,theSocietymaintainedcorrespondencewithContinentalphilosophers,andselectionsfromthiscorrespondencebecametheworld-fa摸usPhilosophicalTransactions。SirIsaacNewtonwastheSocietyspresidentfrom1703untilhisdeathin1727。Intheapproximately300yearsofitsexistence,theSocietyhassponsorednumerousscientificexpeditionsandextensiveresearch,including,inrecentyears,anotableseriesofi女estigationsoftropicaldiseases。 对Boyle在science方面的conclusion是——1660sRobertBoyleapp
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